LAD-101  Anatomy and Physiology 5(3-4)

Anatomy Section

(THEORY)

Anatomical terminologies, Functions of bones. Names and locations of important bones of horse and ox (Sheep & Goat too), Joints, their types, locations and joints movements. Relative size, color, form, shape and location of internal organs (Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, Urogenital, Endocrine etc.) in farm animals and poultry.

(PRACTICAL)

Identification of bones (horse, ox/sheep/goat). Comparative topographical study of internal organs in farm animals and poultry.

Physiology Section

(THEORY)

Physiology of blood, composition of blood and blood cell types, lymph and lymphatic system, Physiology of circulatory system, Physiology respiratory system, physiology of urinary/excretory system and its role in maintenance of pH of body fluids, buffer system of blood and cells, Physiology of different endocrine glands and their hormones, Physiology of Digestive system of simple and compound stomach, Physiology of nervous system.

(PRACTICAL)

Recording of temperature, respiratory and pulse rates in different domestic animals, and ruminal motility, preferred site for blood collection from different animal and site for intravenous injection, in different domestic animals including poultry, different injection techniques, microscopic examination of different blood films, methods for urine collection and its analysis.  

LAD-102        PHARAMACOLOGY     3(2-2)

(THEORY)

History, definition and terminologies used in pharmacology, Sources of drugs, classification of drugs, drug dosage forms and their routes of administration, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics concepts. Drugs acting on nervous system, digestive system, antibiotics, antiviral drugs, antifungal drugs, antiseptic and disinfectants, drugs used for Ectoparasite, Endoparasites and protozoa in animals, Common poisons and their antidotes

(PRACTICALS)

Weights and measures, Prescription writing, Techniques for drug administration in animals, Pharmaceutical preparations, Identification of herbal and other medicines. Preparation of stomach powder and saline electuary

LAD-103            POULTRY PRODUCTION   3(2-2)

(THEORY)

The importance of poultry production in Pakistan, present status and future prospects, Poultry raising in relation to other livestock and agriculture, Different poultry breeds, varieties, strains and their characteristics, Environmentally controlled houses, Care during selection and storage of hatching eggs, Types of incubators, Incubation procedures and hatchery management, Broiler management(different phases of life), Management of pullets during growth and egg laying(different phases of life), Breeder management (different phases of life),   Feeding methods and Types of feed, Poultry health, diseases(Infectious and non-infectious) and their control, Introduction to poultry nutrition, Poultry feed nutrients and their sources(Ingredients), Role of micro nutrients in growth, Nutrient requirements for broiler, layer and breeders, at different ages and stages of production.

(PRACTICALS)

Different body parts of poultry, identification of poultry breeds, Procedure for selection and storage of hatching eggs, Use of Incubators, Vaccination and medication techniques, Debeaking and dubbing, Preparation of birds for shows
Visits to various poultry farms , Bio-security measures for disease control, Balancing poultry rations, Identification of Poultry feed ingredients, Poultry feed storage, Feed formulation for broiler, layer and breeders, at different ages and stages of production

LAD 104          Veterinary Pathobiology      5(3-4)

(THEORY)

Section-1 Introduction: Introduction and importance of pathobiology, Terminologies used in pathobiology. Inflammation (characteristics, mode, types and symptoms). Modes of disease transmission, Immunity and its types. Infectious and Ion-infectious diseases, Vaccine and its types. Quarantine and its importance. Zoonosis. Fever.

Section-2 Virology: Introduction to virus, its structure, mode of replication. Major types of virus. Culturing of virus. Etiology, transmission, clinical sign/symptoms  , diagnosis, postmortem lesion and control of Important viral diseases of animals and poultry (Foot & Mouth Disease, Render Pest, PPR, Pox, ephemeral fever, bovine viral diarrhea, Rabies, Blue Tongue, Canine Parvo infection, Canine distemper Infection, CCHF, Cattharal FeverNewcastle Disease (ND), Hydro Pericardium Syndrome( HPS), Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), Infectious Bronchitis (IB), Marek’s Disease, Avian Influenza (Bird Flu), Congo Fever, 
Section-3 Bacteriology: Introduction to bacteria, its structure, mode of replication. Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, Types of bacteria. Media, its types and culturing of bacteria.  Etiology, transmission, clinical sign/symptoms  , diagnosis, postmortem lesion and control of important bacterial diseases of animals and poultry (Anthrax, Enterotoxaemia, Tetanus, Black Quarter, Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Brucellosis, Actenomycosis, Actenobacilosis, Pluropneumonia, Glanders, Strangles, Enteritis, Mastitis, Metritis (pyometra),White Scour, Tuberclosis, Salmonellosis, Infectious Coryza, Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD), Fowl Typhoid, Fowl Cholera, Pluram Disease, Collibacilosis, Pneumonia)
Section-4 Protozoology: Introduction to protozoa. Cell structure of protozoans. Vector and its importance. Etiology, transmission, clinical sign/symptoms  , diagnosis, postmortem lesion and control of Important protozoal disease of animals and poultry (Trypnosomiasis, Lashmeniasis, Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis, Coccidiosis, Trychomoniasis,
Section-5 Helminthology and Entomology: Introduction and lifecycle of Trematodes, Nematodes and Cystodes. Introduction to entomology. Etiology, transmission, life cycle, clinical signs/symptoms , diagnosis, postmortem lesion and control of important diseases of animals and poultry caused by Trematodes,  Nematodes and Cystodes
Section-6 Metabolic, Nutritional and Noninfectious Diseases: Metabolism, Etiology, transmission, clinical sign/symptoms  , diagnosis, postmortem lesion and control of Important metabolic, Nutritional and Non Infectious disease of animals and poultry (Milk Fever, Ketosis, Post Parturient Hemoglobin Urea, Pica, Rickets, diseases caused by deficiency of vitamins, Traumatic reticuluperitonitis, Choking, Impaction, Indigestion, gastritis, Nephritis, Cystitis, Pneumonia, Tympani.

 (PRACTICAL)

Precautionary measures and principals of working, in laboratory. Introduction to laboratory glass wares, equipment and devices. Microscopy. Sterilization Techniques. Collection, Preservation Labeling and Transportation of Samples (Milk Sample, Pus Sample, Blood Sample, Urine Sample, Feacal Sample, Different Body Discharges, Histopathological Sample). Disposing of morbid material/dead animals through different methods, Preparation of different Solutions Normal (N), Molal(M), percentage solutions and Noraml Saline, Dextrose Solution, Saturated Solutions. Preparation of media/broth for bacterial culture (general, selective and specific media). Preparation of media/broth for Fungal culture.  Principal, Protocol, implementation & interpretation of staining techniques ( negative staining, Gram’s Staining, ZN Staining, Spore Staining, Capsule Staining). Principal, Protocol, implementation & interpretation of Skin Scraping. Identification of larvae & eggs of different parasites from fecal sample (simple method). Egg per gram (EPG) estimation in feacal sample through flotation technique, sedimentation technique and centrifugation technique. Principal, Protocol, implementation & interpretation of thin and thick blood smear for blood protozoan identification.

LAD-105             ANIMAL NUTRITION            3(2-2)

(THEORY)

Digestive systems of different animals , Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, protein, and fat in different animals, Fodder crops of Pakistan, High yielding fodder varieties and hybrid, fodder, shrubs and trees for livestock feeding: Commonly available feeds, nutrient composition, feeding standards for different categories of livestock. Balancing of rations; Role of different feed ingredients (nutrients) in balanced rations; Concentrates and Roughages; Agricultural bi-products and slaughter-house bi-products in relation to livestock feeding; lean fodder periods; shortage meeting methods; hay making and its importance in livestock feeding; Silage and its importance , treatment of wheat straws; urea-molasses blocks, mineral blocks, molasses, Total mixed ration, its preparation and feeding

(PRACTICALS)

Identification of suitable fodder crops for various agro-climate zones of Punjab. Field visits of commercial/govt. livestock farms to study their fodder production practice. Identification of feed ingredients.  Demonstration of various feed supplements, Silage preparation and storage, Hay preparation, preparation urea treated wheat straw, Urea molasses minerals practical performance, TMR preparation 

LAD 106              BASIC COMPUTER APPLICATIONS    2(0-4)

(PRACTICAL)

Introduction to computer, Components of Computer, its inputs, basic computer operations; identification of different icons, screens, and programs in the Microsoft Windows environment. Introduction to MS Word ribbons and tab groups, customization and manage tables and lists, documents. Use of internet.  Addition of captivating graphics to documents. Skills and proficiency in designing MS PowerPoint 2010 slides and slide-show presentations. Customization of slide design templates, themes, and slide layouts. Use of slides and handouts. Automate slide presentations by using multimedia clips, movie objects, and sound. 
MS Excel environment to streamline and enhance work sheets with templates, charts, graphics, tables and formulas. Calculation of data with advanced logic and lookup functions. Creation and modification of tables with Excel’s. Management of table data by using sort and filter features and database functions.

LAD-201     LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION      5(3-4)

(THEORY)

Present status of  livestock production in Pakistan, Characteristics of various livestock breeds, factors affecting the performance of farm animal, handling and management of livestock at various phases of life, heat stress, calf rearing,  method of identification of animals, breeding feeding and reproductive management, housing facilities for different classes of livestock, clean milk production, physical and chemical properties of milk, collection storage and transportation of milk, milk processing, record keeping its importance and various records of various classes of livestock, mating systems; Inbreeding. Line breeding, outbreeding and their uses, selection methods, selection of superior male and females for seed stock herds, roe of male in genetic improvement program, artificial insemination as a tool for genetic improvement in farm animals, fertility, sterility and genetic causes of low fertility

(PRACTICALS)

Body points of animals, Identification of various breeds of farm animals, determination of age of  farm animal, handling and casting of  animals, Methods of identifications of farm animals, housing management practices, Milk practice, Milk sampling and analysis practices, Milk handling and storage practices, exercise of data recording for different productive and reproductive traits of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat, visit to livestock farm to see different breeds of livestock.

LAD-202       THERIOGENOLOGY      5(2-6)

(THEORY)

Role of animal reproduction in livestock development. Functional anatomy of female reproduction system. Reproductive Endocrinology. Estrous cycle, ovulation, fertilization and development of embryo. Physiology of gestation. Parturition.  A.I. history, scope and development (Natural service vs. A.I.).
Advantages and limitations of A.I., Methods of semen collection, evaluation and processing (fluid and frozen). Handling and preparation of bulls for semen collection. Cleaning and disinfection of site and teasers.  Precautions for safety of bulls, teasers and operators. Semen handling (fluid and frozen) during storage, transportation and at the time of insemination. Synchronization. Introduction to basics of Ultrasonography and Embryo transfer. Pakistan Breeding and slaughter act. Artificial Insemination Techniques: Detection of estrus. Determination of best time for insemination of cows and buffaloes in heat. Care and handling of liquid nitrogen tanks, liquid nitrogen and semen to be used for insemination. Preparation of cows to be inseminated, their identification and insemination techniques in use.

Obstetrics :

Common reproductive diseases affecting male and female animals (infertility). Dystocia its causes and treatment. Diseases and accidents of gestation period (Uterine torsion, prepartum vagino-cervical prolapse etc.). Diseases and accidents of postpartum period (Uterine prolapse, retention of fetal membranes). Important diseases causing Abortion, Compylobacteriosis, Brucellosis, Leptospirosis and Trichomoniasis

(PRACTICALS)

1. On candidates and Donor Bulls/Semen:
   Management and preparation of under test and donor bulls on the day of semen collection (washing, cleaning, clipping, hooves and drying).  Schedule of semen collection. Sterilization of A.V. and other materials to be used for semen evaluation and processing. Evaluation of semen quality. Preparation of semen diluents and processing for deep freezing. Handling of semen, packing, identification, liquid nitrogen and care and handling of liquid nitrogen tanks.
2. training of insemination/pregnancy diagnosis in cows.
   Anatomy of reproductive organs obtained from slaughter house and their palpation on experimental tables (no- pregnant/pregnant organs).  Palpation of non-pregnant experimental animals and their recording. Evaluation of animals in estrus/different states through palpation.  Practical training for actual live animal insemination (experimental animals or ante mortem slaughter house animals.)
   Evaluation of cows for different stages of pregnancy. Evaluation of cows to be reported to veterinarians for diagnosis and treatment if necessary.
3. A.I Recording (statistics)
   Handling of A.I. records.
   Calculation of conception rates ( farm, technicians and bull)
   Calculation for number of inseminations per conception among different animal population.

Obstetrics:

Obstetrical anatomy. Identification and uses of various obstetrical instruments. Handling and removal of fetus during dystocia. Removal of the retained fetal membranes. Correction and handling of uterine torsion, pre and post-partum prolapse. Intra-uterine therapy.

LAD-203             CLINICAL AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE   5(3-4)

(THEORY)

General
Hyperthermia, hypothermia, Fever, shock, Choking, Colic, Simple indigestion, Pneumonia, Basics of Epidemiology and Terminology
Major Bacterial Diseases:
Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS), Mastitis, Anthrax, Black leg, Tuberculosis and its zoonosis, Johne's Disease, Brucellosis and its zoonosis, Strangles, Glanders, Tetanus & zoonotic importance, Malignant edema, Actinomycosis, Actinobacillosis, Leptospirosis,  Mycoplasmosis.
Major Viral Diseases:
Ephemeral fever, Foot and Mouth disease (FMD), Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), Rabies and its zoonosis, Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), Pox, Contagious ecthyma (Orf), Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF)
Fungal Disease:
Ringworm, Deg Nala disease
Protozoal / Parasitic Diseases:
Babesiosis, Anaplasmosis, Theileriasis, Trympnosomiasis, Ecto and Endoparasites (Nematode, Cestode, Taremadote) 
Metabolic Disorders / Miscellaneous
Milk fever, Post parturient Hemoglobinuria, Ketosis, , Tympany / Bloat, Hardware Disease, Carbohydrate engorgement/Lactic acidosis, Udder edema, Anhydrosis, Hypomagnesaemia tetany, .
Poisoning
Cyanide, Organophosphate, Chemical (Nitrate and nitrite) and Plant Poisoning, Snake bite,
Disease of camel:
Mali, Kapauli, Kumree, Contagious Skin necrosis.
Major Poultry diseases:
New castle Disease (ND), Fowl pox, Marek's disease, Infectious Bursal disease (IBD), infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), infectious Bronchitis (IB), Egg drop Syndrome (EDS), Hydro pericardium syndrome (HPS), Salmonellosis. Infectious Coryza, Fowl Cholera, Colibacillosis, Mycoplasmosis
Major Pet Animal Diseases:
Canine Distemper, Canine Parvovirus infection, Canine adenovirus Infection, Feline Pan Leukopenia, Feline Calcivirus

(PRACTICAL)

Animal handling, Clinical examination, Routes and methods of drug administration recording of body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, ruminal motility etc. Definition of Vaccine and Vaccination (methods, storage, Vaccine failure, local/imported vaccines against various diseases of ruminant, equines, pet animal)  enema, Diagnostic test for mastitis(CMT, Surf test), Brucellosis (RBPT), Tuberculosis (tuberculin test), Glanders (Mallein test), blood and fecal parasites etc, Collection and Dispatch of samples for laboratory diagnosis, Study tour to Livestock, poultry farms and research institutes. , Vaccination schedule of various livestock and poultry diseases, Bio-security, Zoonosis and control Strategies. Demonstration of various clinical cases presented at clinic.  

LAD-204         CLINICAL SURGERY 2(1-2)

(THEORY)

Definition of surgery and its various types, Aseptic Measures for Minor and Major Surgical Procedures. Anesthesia and its Various Types. Dehydration its type and Fluid therapy, Suture and Suturing Techniques. Wound, Hematoma, Seroma, Galls, Burns, Sinuses, Fistula, Abscess, Ulcer and Their treatment, Hemorrhages , its types and Different Measure to Control Hemorrhages, Esophageal Obstruction and Its treatment, Ethyroma, Epistaxis and their Treatment, Hernia and Various Types, Surgical Management of Hernia, Fracture its Types and Management of simple fracture in small and Large Animal, Lameness in Horses, Diagnosis and their Treatment, Eye Anatomy, Various affections of Eye and their Treatment

(PRACTICAL)

Surgical Instrument and Their Usage, Suturing pattern and Knots, Standard Surgical pack and its Sterilization, Antiseptics and Disinfectants, Physical and Chemical  Method of Restraining in Horses and Ruminants, Bandaging Techniques, Disbudding and Dehorning in Ruminants, Various Routes of Drug Administration, Passing of Stomach Tube and Probang, Castration of Cattle and Horses, Amputation of Tail, Application of Purse String Suture for Prolapse of Rectum, Setoning Techniques, Application Of Mercury Blisters, Firing of Flexor Tendon and Exostosis, Trocarization in Small and Large Animals, Enucleation of Eye Ball, Tracheostomy In Ruminants, Rasping of Irregular Molar, Application of Splints and POP

LAD-205     LIVESTOCK EXTENSION EDUCATION      3(2-2)

(THEORY)

Livestock extension: definition, importance and role in increasing livestock productivity; philosophy and objectives of extension education; current organizational setup of livestock extension in Punjab; roles and duties of extension workers; adoption and diffusion of innovations related to livestock production, role of extension workers in adoption process, classification and characteristics of adopters, factors affecting adoption of livestock innovations; extension education methods; audio-visual aids, their effectiveness, choice and use; stages in extension programme development; communication process, its key elements, barriers to communication and measures to overcome these barriers; communication skills; speaking, preparing and delivering a speech; writing skills, guidelines for a good write-up; attitude and its change process.

(PRACTICAL)

Microteaching, students will practice extension teaching in small groups. They will maintain a practical notebook on preparation of instructional designs. Interviewing, each student will interview a livestock/ poultry farmer or an extension worker to understand his/her problems and socioeconomic environment. Writing skills; each student will write at least one article on any topic related to livestock.

LAD-206           BASICS OF FARM MACHINERY    1(0-2)

(Practical)

Pumps and its different types, Generator, its working and maintenance, Tractor, its parts and maintenance, Basic tractor attachments  for pulling and cleaning, types of fans and drinking system used in modern dairy  farm and their maintenance. Calf cages and feeding systems, fencing types. Total mixed ration Wagon (Auger vs Horizontal) , Biogas Plant and its maintenance, Forage harvesters, Forage preservation equipment Sprayers, Hydraulic and manual Cattle crush, Drainage and Disposal System, Precision Dairy tools (EID and automatic recording systems), Milking parlor and milking machines, CIP and maintenance