CAUSE

An acute toxaemia of sheep, cattle, and sometimes horses, caused by the toxin of Clostridium novyi.Outbreaks usually associated with fascioliasis.

 SYMPTOMS

In sheep, a rapid clinical course and death. Short clinical course in cattle and horse with profound depression and toxaemia, abdominal pain, and peritonitis. Seasonal prevalence related to the migration of immature liver fluke in the liver.

 TREATMENT

Antibiotics but mortality is high.

 CONTROL

Vaccination